The discovery of liposomes with their many interesting properties has attracted much attention. These tiny spheres are suitable for using as delivery vehicles for nutrients and drugs into the human body. Identical to human cell membranes, they easily transfer and deliver active ingredients. Liposome manufacturing involves the same basic steps but the use many different techniques. Research is constantly being done to increase their effectiveness.
When phosphlipids such as lecithin come into contact with water, an interesting effect occurs. The molecules consist of a head which loves water and two tails that repel it. This means that the heads all face one side and the tails the other. Another layer is formed with tails all facing the tails of the first later and the heads facing the other way. These layers form the membranes around and inside every cell of the human body.
Liposomes can be used as delivery vehicles for a wide variety of drugs, vaccines, enzymes, genetic material and for some nutritional supplements as well. They not only allow for release of encapsulated materials but are beneficial in themselves for cells. The lipids used to construct the fatty part of the molecule is used by the cell wall for repair and construction of new membranes.
The tiny size of liposomes means they are quickly assimilated into the bloodstream for delivery throughout the body. The payload is biologically inert until it is delivered to needy cells. They are all basically the same but the differences between them occur in the way they are released, how long this takes as well as where and why this occurs.
All the methods for preparation of liposomes have the same basic stages. Lipid vesicles are formed when thin lipid films are hydrated. The liquid bilayers become fluid, detach and self-close to form large vesicles. Once these large particles have formed, their size is reduced by energy input. This may be in the form of sonic energy called sonication or mechanical energy called extrusion.
Liposomes are actually fairly simple to make, not requiring complex materials, equipment or methods. Each method and technique offers certain benefits and has some failings. Sonication can cause structural changes to what is entrapped. Liquid hydration methods do not produce a high payload.
Some of the problems that have to be faced are structural instability, inconsistency in size and expensive production costs. Liposomal delivery systems are still in the experimental stage. The precise ways in which they act within the body are being carefully studied as well as ways in which they can be made to target diseased tissue or a specific organ.
Although conventional methods of manufacture are effective, research continues apace to make them more so. Much research is being conducted into ways in which liposomes can be created that have a strong chemical affinity for the cells of a particular organ or kind of tissue. They also need to have the ability to deliver payloads to the cells as efficiently as possible.
When phosphlipids such as lecithin come into contact with water, an interesting effect occurs. The molecules consist of a head which loves water and two tails that repel it. This means that the heads all face one side and the tails the other. Another layer is formed with tails all facing the tails of the first later and the heads facing the other way. These layers form the membranes around and inside every cell of the human body.
Liposomes can be used as delivery vehicles for a wide variety of drugs, vaccines, enzymes, genetic material and for some nutritional supplements as well. They not only allow for release of encapsulated materials but are beneficial in themselves for cells. The lipids used to construct the fatty part of the molecule is used by the cell wall for repair and construction of new membranes.
The tiny size of liposomes means they are quickly assimilated into the bloodstream for delivery throughout the body. The payload is biologically inert until it is delivered to needy cells. They are all basically the same but the differences between them occur in the way they are released, how long this takes as well as where and why this occurs.
All the methods for preparation of liposomes have the same basic stages. Lipid vesicles are formed when thin lipid films are hydrated. The liquid bilayers become fluid, detach and self-close to form large vesicles. Once these large particles have formed, their size is reduced by energy input. This may be in the form of sonic energy called sonication or mechanical energy called extrusion.
Liposomes are actually fairly simple to make, not requiring complex materials, equipment or methods. Each method and technique offers certain benefits and has some failings. Sonication can cause structural changes to what is entrapped. Liquid hydration methods do not produce a high payload.
Some of the problems that have to be faced are structural instability, inconsistency in size and expensive production costs. Liposomal delivery systems are still in the experimental stage. The precise ways in which they act within the body are being carefully studied as well as ways in which they can be made to target diseased tissue or a specific organ.
Although conventional methods of manufacture are effective, research continues apace to make them more so. Much research is being conducted into ways in which liposomes can be created that have a strong chemical affinity for the cells of a particular organ or kind of tissue. They also need to have the ability to deliver payloads to the cells as efficiently as possible.
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